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The
kiosk can be defined as an open summer-house or pavillion
usually having its roof supported by pillars with screened
or totally open walls. As a building type it was first introduced
by the Seljuks as a small building attached to the main
mosque, which consisted of a domed hall with open arched
sides. This architectural concept gradually evolved into
a small yet grand residence used by Ottoman sultans, the
most famous examples of which are quite possibly the Chinili
Kiosk ("Çinili Kösk" in Turkish) and
Baghdad Kiosk ("Bagdat Köskü" in Turkish).
The former was built in 1473 by Mehmed II ("the Conqueror")
at the Topkapi Palace, Istanbul, and consists of a two storey
building topped with a dome and having open sides overlooking
the gardens of the palace. The Baghdad Koshk was also built
at the Topkapi Palace in 1638-39, by Sultan Murad IV.
The building is again domed, offering direct views onto
the gardens and park of the Palace as well as the architecture
of the city of Istanbul. |
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Sultan Ahmed III (1703-1730) also
built a glass room of the Sofa Kiosk at the Topkapi Palace incorporating
some Western elements, such as the gilded brazier designed by the
elder John Claude Duplessis which was given to the Ottoman Ambassador
by King Louis XV of France.
The first English contact with
Turkish Kiosk came through Lady Wortley Montagu (1689-1762), the
wife of the English ambassador to Istanbul, who in a letter written
in 1 April 1717 to Anne Thistlethwayte, mentions a “chiosk”
describing it as "raised by 9 or 10 steps and enclosed with
gilded lattices" (Halsband, 1965 ed.). Historic sources confirm
the transfer of these kiosks to European monarchs.
Stanislaw Leszczynski, king of Poland and father-in-law of Louis
XV, built kiosks for himself based on his memories of his captivity
in Turkey. These kiosks were used as garden pavilions serving coffee
and beverages but later were converted into band stands and tourist
information stands decorating most European gardens, parks and high
streets. |
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